'In this modern day and age, it is arguable that changes to Essay

'In this modern day and age, it is arguable that changes to traditional employment patterns and the growth of what might be ca - Essay Example Strengthening the Case for Extending Statutory Rights Generally, the traditional employee is entitled to statutory employment rights. Such rights as right from unfair dismissal and other related jobs are enjoyed by employees who have jobs that last from 9 AM till 5 PM. This means that such an employee has a right to be informed in advance of the intention by the employer to lay him/her off. There are a lot of case laws that has been affected to protect the rights of the traditional employee. An example, such a case, is the case of Commissioners of Inland Revenue v Ainsworth [2005] IRLR 465. In this case, the matter was of the enforceability of the right to holiday pay (Moffatt 2011). There are all forms of material concerning the protection of the rights of the traditional employee. The new or emerging form of employment has also necessitated an urgent need to protect the rights of the atypical employee. One of the contentious matters that are encountered in this stage is the form of protection that an atypical employee is afforded. In England, more than 25% of the labour force constitutes part-time employees (Vettori 2007). Vettori 2007 emphasizes on the number of the atypical employees globally has shot up to a very large size warranting the need to revise the title ‘atypical’ that is normally assigned to them. Currently, the atypical employees do not enjoy many rights (Vettori 2007). This means that employers have the power to hire, and fire them at will since they do not have signed contracts to secure tenure at the place of employment. The employer who utilises these atypical labourers has the advantage of having a labour force that is highly vulnerable, therefore, easy to manipulate in his/her favour. The employer in this case is able to escape many obligations in the form of collective bargaining or even legislation. This sorry state of affairs thus brings up the urgency to grant these employees statutory rights. In some countries like Engla nd, there have been steps towards the granting of a level of protection to the atypical employees. One way of doing this has been through the passing of the Employment Relations Act 1999 (Galbraith et al 2011). This law grants authority to some statutory organs to ensure that the statutory rights are extended to other forms of employment such as atypical employees. This aims to ensure that the employees are given a sort of protection by the law. An example of this in the application is the case of Byrne Brothers (Formwork) Limited v Baird. In the above case, the employees who were level D subcontractors-only were able to claim paid leave for the duration of time that they were laid off. This was during the period of Christmas and New Year’s celebrations. The basis of their victory was because the Work Time Regulations 1998 applied to all employees. This sort of egalitarian law had the effect of placing all the employees in the same rights level. This thus ensured that employe es were protected within this duration, and it was not easy to lay them off. Currently, the atypical employment sector is growing steadily. This sector, which includes the temporary employees, part-time employees, self employees, and subcontracted employee has managed to grow. Some of the reasons for this growth are attributed to the absolute growth in the sectors or industries that rely in this form of labour such as retail

LAW OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

LAW OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE - Essay Example are deemed to be non-conforming, whether in terms of type or condition, the buyer has the right to sue and, on that basis, reject the goods.3 This is also emphasised in SOGA (1979) 14.2A and 14.2B, where the buyer is required to supply goods which meet the contractual description and which are in such a condition as would allow the buyer to use them for the purpose for which he purchased them.4 Articles 15(A) and 15(B) further defines the delivery of defective goods as a breach of contract which entitles the buyer to repudiate the contract.5 However, the circumstances of this particular case suggest that Sweet cannot be held liable for breach of contract while the carrier most likely can be. According to the facts of the case, Sweet delivered the shipper conforming goods. He further satisfied the reminder of his CIF obligations to the buyer, by insuring the goods, arranging for their delivery to the port agreed upon, providing the buyer with a reasonable delivery time,6 arranging for custom clearance and sending Baxwell the requisite documents. These are the obligations which a seller must satisfy as per both CIF and FOB terms.7 Just as CIF and FOB terms impose certain obligations upon the seller, they are equally articulate in their definition of the buyer’s obligations. Assuming that the seller has fulfilled his obligations, both CIF and FOB terms further stipulate that even if the goods are damaged, or lost, the buyer is obligated to pay for them and to accept delivery of goods at the port of destination.8 Therefore, as far as the case at hand is concerned, Baxwell is obliged to accept the documents, take delivery of the goods and satisfy his financial obligations towards Sweet. As established in Kwei Tek Chao (t/a Zung Fu Co) v British Traders Shippers Ltd (1954)9 the buyer can only repudiate the sale of goods contract and reject delivery of goods if the goods which the seller supplied were non-conforming, in type, condition or quality and not if

Business Analysis of Comestibles Aldor S.A.

Business Analysis of Comestibles Aldor S.A. Executive Summary It is not common when a company like Comestibles Aldor S.A. opens itself to investors. Aldor is an extremely liquid company that is extremely successful and ambitious, but wants something more. It is the type of company that looks for something else, someone that is willing to put more than money into a company, an individual that feels they are part of the organization. This type investor will not only invest money, but themselves. They will immerse themselves in a product they believe in and keep the companys vision of bringing joy to the world. At Aldor we believe that if an individual has a stake in something, they will work as if it was theirs, but if they like the product, it will be part of their life. The company has managed to go into over 60 countries but it is going to try a new approach, something that is innovative like the rest of the company; something unprecedented. We want to present to the world the joy of life and we are looking for someone to help us do so in another country, Canada. As in every new market, Canada poses new challenges, challenges for which we need an investor from the country itself to launch the product. At Aldor we believe that having someone from within the country that knows the market, how it operates and more importantly, how people think, is only a recipe for success. It is the essence of what we believe in and it is the essence of what you will too. We are presenting to you Videns Joy, a product that keeps the companys vision of bringing joy to the world and a profit that few companies are able to offer. It is in a recession like the one we are in that we are able too see a hole in the market, a gap that has yet to be filled. Fortunately we have an answer, the product we are about to present will not only satisfy this gap but will give you the opportunity to be part of it. Videns Joy will consist of a new chewing gum that will not only enhance the way people live, but it will become part of their life. Videns will present the consumer a less expensive, more nutritious and more convenient way of being healthy while giving them a natural boost. It is this chewing gum that will set the benchmark of health products and the way they are ingested. One hand cannot clap by itself, it needs another one, we want this other hand to be you. To launch a one-year campaign in Canada and produce Videns Joy, we will need to expand the factory and buy new machinery. At a cost of 1.4 million, will be able to do so with some of the best machinery in the confectionary industry. To advertise the product for one year we will also invest 1.4 million on advertisements ranging from TV ads to billboards and pamphlets. The cost of raw materials for one year with a production of 30 tons per month will be 4.5 million for the entire year. For a total of 7.3 million we will be able to bring this product to the country with an aggressive marketing campaign. This cost will be divided in two; we will pay 3.65 million as well as the investing party. A return on investment of 10.5 million is expected by the end of the year. To be divided equally among Aldor and the investor. 25% royalties of the net profit from the subsequent years will be given to you, the investing party. INTRODUCTION The Company Comestibles Aldor S.A. was founded in 1991 by Raif Aljure; the company produces candy which it sells in over sixty countries around the world. Aldor manufactures candy for other companies and has a competitive advantage that is virtually impossible to beat. Manufacturing over 200 billion pieces of candy, it is the biggest candy company by quantity and volume in the world. Specializing in products that range in cost from $.01 cent to $.25 , it appeals mostly to the bigger part of the population in the world, those that have limited resources. The company has expanded at a such rapid rate that it has outpaced its current market. The plant currently runs at full capacity and produces over 300 tons of candy per day. At this point, the market for its products is saturated, and with the development of the new chewing gum Videns Joy, the company is now expanding its market segment. Currently the most expensive product the company manufactures, Videns has a cost to the consumer of approximat ely one quarter of a dollar. It is a phenomenon similar to the case of Walmart at a lesser degree. The market for low-cost candy is saturated and the biggest consumer, children between the ages of 8 to 17 years old is already familiar and consuming the product in the countries the company sells. With a monopoly in the majority of Africa, Aldor has reached its peak with the current products it sells. Our people â€Å"With More than 2000 skilled and experienced employees committed to working as a team . While keeping an open mind towards a changing world. Through its research and development, Aldor is constantly searching for new ideas and products, which keep it one step ahead of the competitors. Aldor has a professional team devoted to standard control, thereby assuring high quality products.† Agility and flexibility â€Å"Aldor is agile and flexible, it adapts to the consumers and clients needs, taking into account different cultures, beliefs, demands and international commerce dynamics resulting form globalization† Mission â€Å"Our main promise and commitment: Research, create, and develop innovative and fun products for our customers. We are a dynamic, innovative and flexible company with an international vision. We will continue to grow, open up new markets and bring fun and joy to life.† Vision â€Å"Since the very beginning, Aldor has opened up markets in different countries, offering innovative products to people of different cultures. Its marketing division is constantly looking for new opportunities, studying the worldwide consumer, needs and preferences. Aldors international vision enables it to position itself with its products in more than 60 countries throughout the five continents† The Plant â€Å"Colombia is recognized as the second most productive land for sugar cane plantation in addition, it is recognized for the purity of its sugar. With one of the most modern plants of America, inaugurated in June of 2004, and under a 280,000 sm. We produce 300 tons per day of sugar confectionery: lollypops with different fillings, hard and soft caramels. Today we produce more than 2 hundred billions of lollypops a year, demonstrating growth in a global market that changes constantly. We have extended our products through the development of international brands maintaining a global thought with local performance. Our quality management system is certificate by SGS. de Colombia S.A. in fulfillment of the requirements of ISO 9001: 2.000 since February 20 of 2,004 and initially certified since January 21 of 2002 with ISO 9001: 1.994.† Why we will be successful? After commenting our idea with numerous individuals that have influence over many people and have established companies that are now in the billions of dollars, we have received an unanimous opinion, one that has success written all over it. Now, opinions have in reality no real monetary value, no matter if the individual is the wealthiest in the world or a worker at a fast food restaurant, but they are important. On a recent trip to Colombia, one of our team members Josà © F. Del Corral conducted numerous survey and studies on the idea we are offering. The results were exorbitant and expected. PRODUCTS Since its very beginning in 1991, Aldor has been characterized as having a dynamic production infrastructure that is pivotal to both a productive and efficient confectionery manufacturing process. Today, our company is viewed as one of the best candy production plants in the world. Our products range from filled and chewy candies to a variety of lollipops that have been distinguished because of the addition of different fillings and extracts, all manufactured in plants and facilities that are internally owned and managed. Aldors major products are lollipops with several varieties including chewy centered, gum centered and solids. The gums filled lollipops are made with different fruit flavors including watermelon, cherry, blackberry, mango and wild fruit with both juicy and sour features. Lollipops that were first launched by Aldor include the Yoguetas. This is a variation of lollipops that are very unique to the industry. Not only do these lollipops have gum-filled centers, they also include fruit flavored and chewy centers along with assorted yogurt-filled middles. Products that include gum contain forty percent of gum base and composed of PVAC to sometime include synthetic or derivative wax. In addition, gum also contains polyols that results from the hydrogenation of sugar with the major one being Xylitol. Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that aids in preventing cavities and help to whiten teeth by neutralizing the PH level in the mouth. In rare cases when Xylitol is unavailable, other sugars or derivatives of sugar namely sorbitol and manithol are sometimes used in bubble gum manufacturing primarily because of its very long molecular strength. PRODUCT INTRODUCTION In keeping with the companys history of innovation, Aldor intends to introduce a line of candy products that aims to satisfy the healthy trends of our current lifestyles by promoting the inclusion of not only cavity-fighting but health-conscious alternatives to the regular candy offerings. According to investigations made by different agencies the percentage of people suffering from health troubles due to eating disorders and bad consumption of food keeps growing every day. As a result, many people have chosen to consume products with very little or no preservatives compare to what they previously consumed. This has revolutionized the food market and has lead to the evolution of new restaurants serving only organic food. Other existing ones have managed to change their menu to include more natural choices. Today, the choice of natural products is a trend that continues to increase and consumers are open to try foods that are consistent with their every day diet. In keeping with this revelation, we have chosen to produce candies with botanical extracts and infusions that have the potential to become an integral part of the daily diet of our consumers. Such approach to market will not only have a significant impact on the kids market but also the adult market as well. With this innovative idea, we plan on giving customers the pleasure of enjoying a hundred percent natural candy alternative that will at the same time will give them a sensation that will be consistent with that of maintaining a healthy lifestyle along with the ultimate comfort and relaxation at the same time. We have focused our research and developments around finding botanical extracts that will fit into the lifestyles of potential customers within our target market. We have decided to include the following extracts into our product offerings. Green Tea Extract Dental techniques have improved greatly in the past few years, but once teeth have been damaged by cavities they can never be restored to their original condition. It is of the highest priority, therefore, to prevent cavities from developing in the first place. By the end of the 19th century, it had been determined that cartes are caused by cariogenic bacteria. Cavity production begins when the cariogenic bacteria first produce non-watersoluble glucan from sugar or other foods, and this glucan adheres to the tooth enamel as hard plaque. They then feed on sugar to generate acids such as lactic acid in the plaque then these acids dissolve the tooth enamel. In order to prevent cavities it is necessary to keep plaque off the teeth by brushing. However, experiments have shown that green tea catechin can suppress the process by which cariogenic bacteria create glucan. Experiments have also shown that that green tea catechin can destroy cariogenic bacteria, making it antibacterial. Green te a catechin then not only suppresses the formation of plaque by the cariogenic bacteria but also kills the bacteria themselves. It has also been known for some time now that small amounts of fluorine can strengthen teeth and help prevent cavities. As a result, many cities across the world have added fluorine to their drinking water. Green tea extract, however, contains natural fluorine that is thought to help prevent cavities. Various reports have shown a reduction in cavities among grade school children who drank green tea after lunch. We strongly feel that kids will have a natural gravitation toward candy with green tea extract while parents will have the peace of mind while giving candy to their kids. Halitosis or bad breath is caused by a number of bacteria that flourish in the mouth. Green tea is also known to kill other oral bacteria besides those causing cartes and therefore as a result, possess the ability to prevent bad breath by destroying the cause of bad breath. It is also reported that the consumption of green tea is often recommended as a good treatment for diarrhea. Research has also shown that catechin is a powerful sterilizing agent for many types of bacteria that cause food poisoning. Green tea extract contains caffeine which, when taken in the proper quantity, simulates every organ in the body. It has a particularly strong effect on the central nervous system, the heart, and liver. This reaction is even more pronounced when one is sleepy or tired. The consumption of green tea will help clear a dull mind after rising in the morning or after a prolonged period without sleep. The power to stimulate and awaken the mind comes from caffeine. It is also said that the amou nt of caffeine contained in normal servings of green tea can stimulate the skeletal muscles and facilitate muscular contraction. As a result, it is quite helpful and recommended to consume green tea in the middle of the work day in order to refresh the mind and restore the body. The caffeine in green tea is mostly extracted in the first infusion of the leaves, but the quantities in subsequent infusions will still be greater than coffee. And since green tea caffeine combines with catechin in the brewing water, its action is said to be rather milder than other caffeine-containing beverages. Green tea is known for its rich source of anti oxidants and having a high extract is also said to help repair the effects of aging from environmental factors Kava Kava Kava is sedating and is primarily consumed to relax without disrupting mental clarity. The kava extract has been known to be a herbal medicine against stress, insomnia, and anxiety. Research has shown that kava may be effective in treating ovarian cancer and leukemia. Study shows that kava compounds inhibited the activation of a nuclear factor that led to the growth of cancer cells. The Aberdeen University researchers published in the journal The South Pacific Journal of Natural Science that kava methanol extracts had been shown to kill leukemia and ovarian cancer cells in test tubes. Kava has been known to relax aching muscles, calm nerves, create a general feeling of well-being, induces a feeling of peace, relaxation and contentment, enhances mental alertness and concentration, reduces inhibitions, and has historical use as an herbal aphrodisiac. Kava has an effect on the nerve centres, at first stimulating and then depressing, ending with paralysis of the respiratory centre. The irritant action and insolubility of the resin has lessened its use as a local anesthetic, but for over 125 years kava root has been found valuable in the treatment of gonorrhea both acute and chronic, vaginitis, leucorrhoea, nocturnal incontinence and other ailments of the genitourinary tract. Being a local anesthetic it relieves pain and has an aphrodisiac effect. As kava is a strong diuretic it is useful for gout, rheumatism, bronchial and other ailments, resulting from heart troubles. Kava is an essential and integral part of life in the Pacific Islands often thought of as one of the most precious gifts from the Earth. Not only is it a pleasant drink that can be a safe alternative for alcohol. Kava Root was actually becoming more popular than Prozac in Europe. Some scientist and herb researchers feel as though kavasinfringement on pharmaceutical s ales deeply concerned the drugcompanies. In turn, they became determined to do their best to tarnish the spotless reputation of kava. It once an ancient, safe and effective herbal supplement. Kava has not been shown to be physically addictive. It has been used safely for over 3,000 years, without any reported withdrawal symptoms whatsoever. Kava gum will be marketing to the age group ranging from 40 years and up. It will be targeting Canadian citizens that may suffer from arthritis of the joints and may be hesitant to use costly and addictive pharmaceutical pain relievers that must be prescribed from a physician. Individuals that may have suffered from a minor sprain or bruise, who do not have the time for an appointment with their primary physician and are looking for quick and effective relief with a delightful taste. Kava gum will also induce a feeling of peace, relaxation and contentment. Also enhancing mental alertness and concentration, Kava Gum would seem to be extremely usef ul to consumers with anxiety and social barriers. Kava could be given to patients of therapist and physiologist to help cope with social problems and cut down the supply of addictive and dangerous psychiatric and anxiety drugs. â€Å"We wont go over the details here, but a study was conducted in Germany that did a great job of making the world think that Kava caused liver damage, when in reality, this highly-publicized â€Å"study† seemed to be aimed at only doing whatever it could to damage the 3,000 year-old reputation of Kava. This alone shows the fear that pharmaceutical companies have over kava† . They refused to let a cheap yet highly effective herb surpass the production of the variety of additive and costly drugs. Aldor is certain that if kava is given a chance to prove itself on a wide based scale, that the gum will help people out with multiple ailments and will not tarnish the Canadian population with another drug for younger generations to tarnish themselve s with. Acai Berry The health benefits of the Acai berry is widely known and is now backed by scientific research into the fruits properties. Acai is a rich source of anthocyanins and other phenolics and phyto-nutrients and are amongst the most nutritious foods of the Amazon. Acai berries are rich in B vitamins, minerals, fiber, protein and omega-3 fatty acids. Acai also contains oleic acid (omega-9), a beneficial fatty acid. Potassium is the mineral most abundant in the Acai berry that is also rich in copper and unusually high in manganese. Only a small portion of berries supply far more than the body needs of this ultra-trace mineral. Anthocyanins are compounds that have potent antioxidant activity, allowing for the neutralization of potentially harmful free radicals. The famous research regarding the French Paradox attributes anthocyanins as being the antioxidant that protects the French from heart disease. The French are known to consume large amounts of coffee, nicotine, sugar, white flour, cheese and saturated fats, yet they have a very low rate of heart disease compared to neighboring countries like the UK and Denmark. The red wine grape, due to its anthocyanins is what is believed to be responsible for the very low incidence of heart disease. While red wine has good quantities of anthocyanins, the Acai berry has been shown to contain many times more than the anthocyanins levels of red wine. By neutralizing these free radicals, anthocyanins from the Acai berry may actually serve to maintain the healthy function of numerous systems and organs. Some of the anthocyanins that have been found in Acai include cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside-coumarate. Other phenolics include catechin and epi-catechin (the same compounds in green tea), quercetin derivatives and other flavonoids. It is likely that the synergistic effects of these compounds, as present in Acai fruit are responsible for its potent antioxidant activities. In Brazilian herbal medicine, the oil of the Acai fruit is used to treat diarrhea; an infusion of the grated fruit rind is used as a topical wash for skin ulcers; and, the fruit seeds are crushed and prepared in an infusion for fevers. In the Peruvian Amazon, an infusion of the toasted crushed seeds is used for fever. In Colombia, where the trees grow along the Pacific coast line, it is called naidà ­ and the fruit is turned into a common and popular drink. The Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC) assay, a test developed for the USDA by scientists at Tufts University to measure the antioxidant speed and power of foods and supplements measures the total antioxidant activity of a biological sample. The ORAC scale is used in human, agricultural, food and pharmaceutical products, as well as food ingredients and is quickly becoming the accepted standard for comparing antioxidant potential in foods and supplements. For the average person to cope with all the reactive oxygen and free radicals they will encounter on a daily basis, foods and beverages totaling an ORAC value of at least 2000 units per day are needed. Its been estimated that eighty to ninety percent of the worlds population fails to consume even half of this level. Acai is reputed to be extremely high on the ORAC scale and provides levels multiple times that of many anthocyanin-rich fruits and vegetables, such as cherries, cranberries and mulberries. Easily the most common use of the Acai fruit by Amazonians is the dark purple juice. This juice is extracted from the small round fruit by soaking the seeds in water to soften the thin outer shell and then squeezing and straining them to produce a very tasty, dense purple liquid. Acai liquid is typically served fresh and ice cold with (or sometimes without) sugar and tapioca flour. It is a nourishing and refreshing drink that is also used to produce ice cream, liquor, mousses and sweets in general. Consumption of up to two liters per day of this highly nutritious juice has been recorded amongst indigenous populations. The Acai juice has been and remains an extremely important part of northern native South American diets and has become very popular throughout all socio- economic levels. Acai gum is designed to act as an antioxidant and remover of toxic substances left over in the human system from smoking, alcohol, drugs, and foods with many preservatives. With the help of the acai palm, which is a species of palm tree in the genus Euterpe cultivated for their fruit and superior hearts of palms. Global demand for the fruit has increased dramatically over the past several years. Acai is now cultivated as an antioxidant primarily. Eight species are native to Central and South America, from Belize southward to Brazil and Peru, growing mainly in swamps and floodplains. Acai palms are tall, slender palms growing to 15-30 meters. The overall marketing goal of the antioxidant remover is to eventually offer the gum in Canadian health and fitness centers and spas. This goal may only be achieved after success has been demonstrated in the all-natural supermarket aisles. Health conscious individuals understand the importance of having a cleansed system, which in return greatly raises the ability to produce muscle and cut fat. Many people enjoy chewing gum while they work out because they are able to keep their mouths moist. Also if the gum can cleanse the body and encourage muscle growth then most gym goers would be interested in spending a dollar per pack. Another option is to offer the product to supplement stores such as GNC, Vitamin world, and any other health stores looking to offer there customer a relief from awful tasting body cleansing drinks that cost over $50 for every bottle. Our gum cost only cost 15 cents to have in Canada and is being sold for 50 cents to the retail stores. One could buy fifty packages of our product to compare cost, then having over a years supply to help assist the customer to live a healthier life. Rhodiola rosea Rhodiola rosea is a popular plant in traditional medical systems in Eastern Europe and Asia with a reputation for stimulating the nervous system, decreasing depression, enhancing work performance, eliminating fatigue, and preventing high altitude sickness. Rhodiola rosea has been categorized as an adaptogen by Russian researchers due to its observed ability to increase resistance to a variety of chemical, biological, and physical stressors. Its claimed benefits include antidepressant, anticancer, cardioprotective, and central nervous system enhancement. Research also indicates great utility in asthenic conditions (decline in work performance, sleep difficulties, poor appetite, irritability, hypertension, headaches, and fatigue) developing subsequent to intense physical or intellectual strain. The adaptogenic, cardiopulmonary protective, and central nervous system activities of Rhodiola rosea have been attributed primarily to its ability to influence levels and activity of monoamines and opioid peptides such as beta-endorphins. Rhodiola rosea, also known as golden root, is a member of the Crassulaceae family and grows across the Arctic, the mountains of Central Asia, the Rockies, the Alps, the Pyrenees, the Carpathian Mountains, Scandinavia, Iceland, Great Britain and Ireland. It is believed that it could also be a natural elixir. Rhodiola rosea may also be effective for improving mood and alleviating depression and early stage studies on people have shown some efficacy in improving physical and mental performance, alleviating fatigue, and reducing high-altitude sickness. A possible mode of action involves what could be described as â€Å"optimizing serotonin and dopamine levels†. It is said that this apparently happens by inhibition of the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which supposedly ties in with an effect on endorphins, the bodys natural opiates. The chemical composition and physiological properties of Rhodiola species are to a degree species-dependent, although some overlap in constituents and physiological properties does exist in many Rhodiola species. Twenty-eight compounds have been isolated from the roots and above-ground parts of Rhodiola rosea, including twelve novel compounds. The roots contain a range of biologically active substances including organic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic glycosides. The stimulating and adaptogenic properties of Rhodiola rosea were originally attributed to two compounds isolated from its roots, identified as p-tyrosol and the phenolic glycoside rhodioloside. Rhodioloside was later determined to be structurally similar to the known glycoside salidroside found in several other plant species. Salidroside, rhodioloside, and occasionally rhodosin are used to describe this compound and are considered to be synonyms. Additional glycoside compounds isolated from the root include rhodioniside, rhodiolin, rosin, rosavin, rosarin, and rosiridin. These glycoside compounds are also thought to be critical for the plants observed adaptogenic properties. The adaptogenic properties, cardio-pulmonary protective effects, and central nervous system activities of Rhodiola rosea have been attributed primarily to its ability to influence levels and activity of monoamines and opioid peptides such as beta-endorphins. Rhodiola rosea has also been shown to moderate against stress-induced damage and dysfunction in cardiovascular tissue. Treatment with Rhodiola rosea extract prevents the decrease in cardiac contractile force secondary to environmental stress in the form of acute cooling and contributes to stable contractility. The new product is named Energize and is primarily made of the herb Rhodiola rosea. Rhodiola rosea is a plant known as the golden root, member of the Crassulaceae family that grows in cold regions of the world, the perennial plants grows in areas up to 2280 meters elevation. Rhodiola may help induce weight loss by activating the bodys store of adipose lipase, a key enzyme that helps burn its fat stores. A Russian study found that participants who consumed Rhodiola rosea lost 20 pounds in three months, compared to just 7 pounds in those who took placebos. Rhodiola rosea also strengthens the immune system by reducing the effect of stress, which is known to weaken the bodys ability to defend against illness. Studies have shown that Rhodiola may be of special benefit to athletes; it appears to help normalize heart rate after intense exercise, and increases protein synthesis and blood flow throughout the body. It may also lower blood pressure and decrease stress-induced arrhythmia. There have been no toxic side effects associated with this substance to date, and no tolerable upper limit has been established. Energize gum has the benefit of being a credited weight loss tool; it contains none of the sometimes deadly drugs that are the main ingredient of the major weight loss scam programs. All they contain is harmful drugs like Ephedra, Chitosan, and hoodia. Many deaths have been reported in past five to ten years ever since the skinny craze started as a result of these weights loss drugs. If there is a perfect weight loss/stress-relieving herb this could be it. In Energize weve managed to formulate the two essential elements needed by most people to lose weight and truly feel great. Not only does it have the ability to lift the stress that causes your body to crave foods of comfort and store more fat. It also has the power in of itself to make you cut weight in fewer than three to six months. All one must do is chew this gum before and after a workout routine or a ru n around the neighborhood with your dog, then you will be on your way to losing some serious weight while enjoying the refreshing taste and teeth whiting effect of our newest product. We plan to offer this product to Canada in the main supermarkets and herb + vitamin stores. We hope to carry the product along side all the powerful and unhealthy weight loss pills that are sold throughout the country. Aldor is confident the Energize gum will make its consumers feel significantly better daily and have the same result if not superior to its competitors. St Johns wort St. Johns wort is a long-living plant with yellow flowers whose medicinal uses were first recorded in ancient Greece. It contains many chemical compounds. Some are believed to be the active ingredients that produce the herbs effects, including the compounds hypericin and hyperforin. Preliminary studies suggest that St. Johns wort might work by preventing nerve cells in the brain from reabsorbing the chemical messenger serotonin, or by reducing levels of a protein involved in the bodys immune system functioning. St. Johns wort has been used over the centuries for mental conditions, nerve pain, and a wide variety of other health conditions. Today, St. Johns wort is used for anxiety, mild to moderate depression, and sleep disorders. In Europe, St. Johns wort is widely prescribed for depression. In the United States and Canada, there is public interest in St. Johns wort as a treatment for depression, but it is not a prescription medicine. In the United States and Canada, St. Johns wort products are sold mainly as capsules, tablets, teas, and liquid extracts where specific types of chemicals are removed from the herb, leaving the desired chemicals in a concentrated form. Scientific evidence co-funded by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) and two other components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Institute of Mental Health and the Office of Dietary Supplements regarding the effectiveness of St. Johns wort for depression

The Scarlet Letter: The Response to Sin Essay -- Theme of Sin in The S

We are all sinners. Although one may try hard not to sin, all humans eventually succumb at some time or another to sin. While people may not able to avoid the fate which awaits them, the power of free will allows people to decide how they will respond to sin. While some may respond with guilt and regret, others may react with a sense of redemption and a renewed sense of responsibility. Nathanial Hawthorne, an American author during the 19th century witnessed the power of sin to wreak havoc not only to an individual but a whole community. His novel The Scarlet Letter expresses this very idea by exposing the follies of mankind and the potentially detrimental effects of sin trough Hester Prynne, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth who all affected by sin in different ways. Utilizing powerful symbols and light/dark imagery, Hawthorne conveys to the readers, through these characters, the power of how one’s response to sin can positively change an individual or gradually destroy one by spreading like a contagious disease and ultimately consuming the victim. Through Hester and the symbol of the scarlet letter, Hawthorne reveals how sin can be utilized to change a person for the better, in allowing for responsibility, forgiveness, and a renewed sense of pride. In a Puritan society that strongly condemns adultery one would expect Hester to leave society and never to return again, but that does not happen. Instead, Hester says, â€Å"Here†¦had been the scene of her guilt, and here should be the scene of her earthly punishment; and so, perchance, the torture of her daily shame would at length purge her soul, and work out another purity than that which she had lost; more saint-like, because the result of martyrdom.† Hes... ...to portray through Dimmesdale and Chillingworth, that without responsibility for wrongful deeds our world will eventually be destroyed just like these two individuals. However, Hawthorne, through the portrayal of Hester, shows that he has not given up on humanity. If our world is going to survive for future generations it has to model itself after Hester’s behavior. Yes, sin is inevitable but we must learn to respond to it with responsibility, forgiveness, and redemption rather than with guilt, revenge, and uncertainty. More importantly we must learn to remain honest and truthful in whatever action we carry out because in the end only God will have the power to grant us the ultimate forgiveness by saving us or damning us to Hell. Work Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. "The Scarlet Letter." Nathaniel Hawthorne's Tales. Ed. James McIntosh. New York: Norton, 1987.

Corporate Ethics Failure †A Critical Analysis Essay

Arthur Andersen, in 1913 established a corporate entity that for decades provided a benchmark for auditing and consulting in the accounting industry. From the onset Mr. Andersen worked to build a foundation for his company representative of the principles of excellence in the technical and ethical aspects of his new company. His ethical model focused on Utilitarianism, the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people. In the late 1940’s after the founder passed away, newly appointed CEO, Senior Partner Leonard Spacek, further exhibited his leadership and commitment to ethical practices by helping to establish the Accounting Principles Board, their prinmary responsibilities being to set industry accounting and ethical standards. This is a direct reflection on the commitment Arthur Andersons executive staff place on the company’s belief in performing their practice in an honest and trustworthy manner. Spacek was so revered that former Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volker once refered to as Spacek’s tenure as a time when Arther Andersen was the â€Å"Gold Standard â€Å" for the accounting industry. See more: how to write a critical analysis outline These standards built a reputation in the accounting community which led to tremendous success. Honesty and integrity were trademarks of the company that concentrated on quality, leadership and developing its personnel to be experts in every aspect of the accounting industry . As the business began to grow, Arthur Andersen eventually became a leader in the financial industry, employing as much as 77,000 accounting professionals in 84 countries. A reflection on the many positive aspects of Arthur Andersen, its commitment to the many ethical principles it championed, both in its own corporate structure and that of the accounting community. In this writers opinion, with such metrics in place, it is amazing that such a large entity could implode and collapse. However, if one understands the importance of ethical behavior and the impact of lost trust, the analysis is not difficult. The problems encountered at Arthur Anderson were the result of inappropriate ethical behavior which resulted from compromises of their own ethical standards. These began as small issues for various clients that over time grew creating a slippery slope from which Arthur Andersen could not recover. Corporate enterprises are funded by investors, stockholders and consumers. Likewise, their activities, both internal and external, also affect investor, stockholder, stakeholder and consumer. All depend on the financial health and viability of the company to support their individual interests. The responsibility of the SEC is to verify financial wellbeing and provide a tool for which potential investors and stock buyers can fairly judge the risks involved as they decide which company their money should support. Auditors share the responsibility the provide analysis of the the financial condition while looking for errors in the bookkeeping/ accounting of the company’s financial position. The auditor’s responsibility is to correct or balance any errors thus preventing a misleading view of the true financial strength of the company. If this view is compromised by providing or allowing false data to exist, the company’s position is weakened, investors are led under false pretenses, placing their investments at risk. The SEC depends on a complete, thorough and truthful analysis from an auditor to verify the financial status providing security for those desiring to invest or provide financial support. Arthur Andersen’s problems began precisely as mentioned earlier, when executives began to Behave unethically in a manner against the principles on which the company was founded. It is important to note that while Arthur Anderson employed good business ethics, the company flourished. As it began to compromise it’s integrity the long term consequences eventually to appear. The Enron collapse represents just one of many cases where mistakes were made and hidden. For Arther Andersen, in business almost 90 years, the destruction of Enron documents to prevent the SEC from gaining access to incriminating evidence shows how corrupt the accounting firm had become. While millions of dollars in revenue for Arthur Andersen were at stake, the viability of the company depended on the reputation it garnered. The demise of the company resulted from the dishonest tactics it employed to remain in power. As of June , 2002, the company had laid off 7,000 employees, and lost more that 650 of it’s 2,300 public audit clients with the layoff of thousands pending. The slippery slope to extinction had begun. http://money.cnn.com/2002/06/13/news/andersen_verdict/ In the article â€Å"12 Ethical Principles for Business Executives† by the Josephson Institute, published on December 17, 2010, stated that â€Å" language establishing standards or rules describing the kind of behavior an ethical person should and should not engage in, are ethical principles.† More specifically they are specified as â€Å"Honesty, Integrity, Promise keeping and Trusworthiness, Loyalty, Fairness, Concern for Others, Law Abiding, Commitment to Others, Leadership, Reputation, Morale and Accountability.† http://josephsoninstitute.org/business/blog/2010/12/12-ethical-principles-for-business-executives/ The founder, Arthur Andersen, embodied these principles to the point that he personally reimbursed a client for an accounting mistake made under his watch. While a disclaimer on the part of Arthur Andersen guards against minor mistakes in the accounting audit/ review, it seems this created a gray area that was taken advantage of. Also, management should have developed a zero tolerance mechanism to maintain an ethical culture dedicated to preventing inappropriate behavior. Policy should have mandated regularly documented training on business ethics, and the importance of its implementation as the auditing process ensued. Any issues should have been to the client with reconciliation mandantory prior to an Audit Opinion being submitted. The indictment of Arthur Andersen and subsequent trial provided proof the Audit Opinion and review of Enrons balance sheet and financial statements were submitted with the intention to skew the true condition of the company’s true fiscal condition, thus deceiving the shareholders, board of directors, potential investors and stakeholders. An overview of the measures in place to safeguard against inappropriate accounting behavior provide an insite to the items that were violated during Enron and Arthur Andersens quest to bilk investors share holders of millions. â€Å" These safety measures included Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS), Statements on Auditing Standards (SAS), and all professional ethics. The use of GAAP by accountants is standard protocol. An accountant follows these principles as a matter of daily routine. According to several accounting texts, GAAP is identified as a â€Å"dynamic set of both broad and specific guidelines that companies should follow when measuring and reporting the information in their financial statements.†Ã¢â‚¬  http://faculty.mckendree.edu/scholars/2004/stinson.htm The article â€Å"7 Principles of Admirable Business Ethics† presents seven additional principles which complement ethical behavior. Those are â€Å"Be trustful, keep and open mind, meet obligations, have clear documents, become community involved, maintain accounting control and be respectful. http://sbinformation.about.com/od/bestpractices/a/businessethics.htm In conclusion, legal analyst’s formulate the opinion that â€Å"executives at Arthur Andersen and Enron did not set out to have a positive impact on the accounting industry or any industry. They set out to make as much money for themselves as quickly as possible. They were willing to do whatever it took to make that money. These thoughtless acts and greed led both companies to an eventual downfall in bankruptcy.† The subsequent prosecution of these firms has produced new controls which should serve to prevent this type of financial disaster. Most notably the Sarbanes-Oxley Act which includes requiring companies to reevaluate its internal audit procedures and makes sure the accounting practices either â€Å"meet or exceed the expectations of the auditors.† http://faculty.mckendree.edu/scholars/2004/stinson.htm Statement Regarding Professional Conduct: â€Å"This assignment is my own work. Any assistance I received in its preparation is acknowledged within the assignment in accordance wth academic practice. If I used data, ideas, words, diagrams, pictures, or other information from any source, I have cited the source(s). I understand that copying text word for word from other sources without placing it in quotation marks is considered plagiarism and not acceptable even if I cite the source where the material was copied from. I certify that this assignment was prepared specifically for this class and has not been submitted in whole or in part, to any other class at Walsh or elseware.†

A Misconception Punishment of Oedipus King of Thebes

In many plays a character could have a misconception of his or her world. In return this could destroy a major turning point in the story. â€Å"Oedipus Rex† by Sophocles is one of such story. At the end of the story Oedipus King of Thebes ends up banished forever from his kingdom. Additionally, Oedipus physically puts out his own eyes, for several reasons which will be discussed later. The question is: Did Oedipus deserve his punishments? There are many factors that must be considered in answering this, including how Oedipus himself felt about this situation. His blinding was as much symbolic as it was physical pain. After all factors have been considered, I think that only Oedipus’ banishment was the necessary punishment. It is important to keep in mind the whole basic reasoning for Oedipus' search for Laios' killers: he wished to put an end to a deadly plague, and that plague would only be stopped when said murderer is killed, or driven from the land (Sophocles 723). Consequently, when it is revealed that Oedipus himself murdered Laios, then banishment seems to be the only option. Death, in my mind, is not valid simply because of what it might do to the kingdom's people. Even though it seems that Oedipus has not been a particularly good monarch, in fact his only major accomplishment seems to be killing the Sphinx all those years ago; having a king put to death could have serious repercussions on the rest of the kingdom. So in the end, the only way to cure the affliction and keep the kingdom stable seems to be the banishment of Oedipus. In this case, the question of whether or not he deserved to be punished seems irrelevant; Oedipus' only goal was to stop the problem and by leaving, he has accomplished that goal. Banishment was the only choice. But what exactly was Oedipus being punished for? Even after re- reading the play, this still seems to be a gray area. Incest? Immoral to be sure, but Oedipus was obviously ignorant to his actions, and to my knowledge in Sophoclean times, there was no written law against it and therefore no punishment for it (â€Å"The Three Goddesses†4). Oedipus' punishment may have been for killing Laios, but how could you punish someone for being a victim of fate? Greeks believed at the time of the play's writing that a man's life was â€Å"woven† by the 3 fates (Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos) and that he was irrevocably bound to that destiny (â€Å"The Three Goddesses† 2) . Knowing this and knowing that Oedipus became king of Thebes only because it was his destiny to murder Laios and kill the Sphinx, how could he rightfully be punished? Even Oedipus himself knows that his actions are not by choice, but by acts of the gods, he mentions this twice in the play: â€Å"Some savage power has brought this down upon my head† (745). As well as â€Å"My god, my god — what have you planned to do to me? † (755) Such quotes clearly show that Oedipus knew that he had no choice in his actions. With this approach alone, Oedipus is undeserving of any set punishments. Oedipus may not have been a particularly good man, but in the end he knew what was best for his kingdom: â€Å"Out of this kingdom cast me with all speed† (757) †¦ or only that would save his problems. Was that Oedipus' only punishment the play might have been quite a bit simpler, but Oedipus vigorously stabs his own eyes with Jocasta's dress pins. This was Oedipus' way of trying to punish himself, as well as an escape for him. Oedipus would no longer stare upon the faces of his issues, his brother (uncle? ) Kreon or even those of his children. He is plunged into a world of darkness. It must be noted that this was more than a simply punishment, though I'm sure that it was one of the ways Oedipus intended it. The physical pain alone seems to prove that. There are much easier ways of becoming blind to the world than stabbing one's eyes out. As I have stated before, Oedipus was blinded by his foolish pride long before the beginning of the story. He only realized the truth behind Laios' murder when it was right in front of his nose. He was by no means stupid, in fact he came off as quite a clever man, but his was a world of blindness because of pride and power. After concentrating on the two most obvious of Oedipus' punishments, but there is another one that may not seem so clear. Keeping in mind that Sophocles made it very clear that Oedipus was a man of so much pride that he may have thought of himself to be related to a god. However Oedipus basically stripped of that pride at the end of the play, then the true punishment was revealed. Oedipus' life was based on pride. It was what led him to the murder of Laios, which in turn led to the killing of the Sphinx, then led to his becoming king. As he continues on his particular way of life, Oedipus becomes more and more powerful, and as such, his pride also increases proportionately. He threatens both Teiresias and Kreon, and tries to untangle the mystery of Laios' death. What must go on inside his min d when he finds out that not only did he murder his father, the king, but he also slept with his mother? Knowing full well that his kingdom would eventually find out his acts, how could he hold his head up when walking through the city streets? How could his people respect and look up to a king who was a murderer and an incest committer? Oedipus is therefore stripped of his pride, the driving force behind his whole personality. He has been crushed, and that which he had so much of before has been denied him. Where he was once at one extreme, he is now at the other. To take away the very thing that drives a man is worse than any physical pain or even death itself. That is truly, as Sophocles intended it, Oedipus' ultimate punishment. When the curtain falls and the lights go out on Oedipus Rex, the king's punishments total three. Though in my mind at least, one far outweighs the other two, they are all important and they all contribute to the total experience of the Greek tragedy. In the end, I do not feel that Oedipus truly deserves the punishments he is handed, but that is only because of the fact that I place myself in the time period that this was written in, using the beliefs of that time for my own. If this story took place in modern times, Oedipus certainly would have deserved his punishment, but this idea is irrelevant because, quite simply, this did not take place in our â€Å"advanced† civilization. Oedipus was a victim of fate, incapable of free will, and as such he should have not been punished, save banishment only to cure the affliction.

People In Canada Living With Poverty Social Work Essay Essay Example

People In Canada Living With Poverty Social Work Essay Essay Example People In Canada Living With Poverty Social Work Essay Essay People In Canada Living With Poverty Social Work Essay Essay Another cause of poorness in some instances may be divorce or individual parentage. This would be a precipitating cause because together a twosome on two incomes may be able to back up a kid, nevertheless, divided they may non hold the income to supply as they did antecedently. Harmonizing to a survey done in Ottawa, kids in individual parent places are more likely to go destitute, particularly when there was more than one kid life in the place ( Fleury, 2008 ) . In many state of affairss, one parent may hold stayed at place to care for kids and the family, while the other worked, intending that parent would be dependent on the other parent. If a divorce takes topographic point, the dependent parent no longer has the other parent to back up them, and they may non hold employment, doing it really easy for them to fall into poorness. Yet another cause of poorness is dependence, which can be both a precipitating and a perpetuating cause. Addictions can frequently take to loss of employment and abuse of fundss which can convey on and perpetuate the issue of poorness. Lawrence M. Mead says although poorness is non an dependence, it is frequently caused by and causes dependence. Addiction has a definite drip consequence on poorness. If one has an dependence, for illustration, to a drug, it becomes the most of import thing in their life, all their money goes to buying the drug, all their clip is devoted to hiting and making drugs, which means, they may non travel to school or work, or their behaviour causes them to be dismissed, intending they have no agency for an income. The nut s income would travel towards drugs, and non other demands, or they would non hold an income at all, go forthing them in poorness. Last, a cause of poorness is frequently debt and hapless debt direction. It is possible to populate with some debt and non hold to populate in poorness, nevertheless if debt is non managed decently and becomes more than one is capable of covering with, it can take to poverty. Four million Americans would fall below the federal poorness line if the involvement they pay on their recognition cards and other consumer debts were subtracted from their incomes says a San Francisco Chronicle article. These people are called the debt hapless ( Abate, 2009 ) . These people, although they may non look like the stereotyped hapless, they technically do non hold the agencies to obtain the necessities of life and, at some point are faced with bankruptcy and the loss of their place. Microsystem Consequences A microsystem effect of poorness is low self-esteem. It is obvious kids populating in poorness have problem purchasing the latest tendencies, their parents may non drive the nicest auto or drive a auto at all, possibly they do non hold a washer and drier and so sometimes they have to travel without clean apparels for a period. Their parents can non afford to set them in music lessons or subscribe them up for athleticss squads. Some kids, who are resilient would non allow this halt them from being confident, nevertheless, non all kids understand that they are non on a flat playing field, so to talk and believe that it is a failing in themselves and non unfairness within the system and experience that their personal worth is straight related to their fiscal worth. A kid with the tools to win is more likely to win and if they win, they become more confident, doing them more likely to take more hazards, with a likeliness of wining once more and increasing their assurance more. In some in stances, kids in poorness deficiency those tools, or have to work harder for them, intending they do non win as frequently, diminishing their self-pride ( Eric J. Marsh, 2010 ) . Bullying is another effect of poorness that frequently goes along with low self-pride. Children in poorness are frequently bullied. Harmonizing to a survey done in the UK, low-income kids are frequently the mark of strong-arming in wealthier countries, because of their socio-economic position ( Branigan, 2007 ) . One in 13 kids in an international survey of 35 states and more than 162 000 kids reported strong-arming due to their socio-economic position. The unfairness among striplings from low socio-economic backgrounds puts them at a greater hazard for strong-arming. Teenss that are from schools and populating in states where there is a bigger spread between socio-economic groups are at higher hazard of being bullied. Poverty besides has a immense impact on kids s physical development. One in 10 Canadians is affected by nutrient insecurity which has a correlativity to hapless wellness ( Kirkpatrick, 2008 ) . Without proper diet, kids will miss the foods they need to develop optimally, and may even go over or under weight. Studies show kids with a balanced diet are ill less frequently than kids with hapless nutrition ( Kirkpatrick, 2008 ) . Families may non be able to afford medical disbursals or interventions that would forestall their kid from unwellness or decrease the effects of an unwellness or hurt, doing damage. Besides, parents in low-income places may happen it more hard to afford necessary fixs in the family that would guarantee their kid s safety. Pregnant female parents populating in poorness besides pose a hazard, if they are non able to afford equal prenatal attention. Poverty has an impact on mental wellness, every bit good. Children from low socio-economic backgrounds were more than twice as likely to endure from anxiousness and depression as their opposite numbers from better socio-economic positions ( Mark Lemstra, 2008 ) . Children from low-income households, non merely have the normal emphasis a kid would hold, many destitute kids are cognizant of their households adversities and have developed anxiousness about measures and debts and nutrient security, and feelings of hopelessness about their state of affairss and deficiency positive feelings of dignity. Besides impacting physical and mental wellness, societal development is besides a effect of poorness. Poverty has an impact on the development of societal accomplishments in kids. Children life in poorness frequently have poorer linguistic communication accomplishments and less developed get bying accomplishments, which in bend impacts the quality of their relationships with equals ( Lisa Fiorentino, 2004 ) . Children life in poorness besides have less chance for societal interaction due to the fact they are non able to afford to be portion of extra-curricular groups that help develop societal accomplishments and promote peer relationships. Without the money to afford the same societal chances kids in low-income places are non able to develop societal accomplishments as easy, so poorness is a definite impact on societal development. Cognitive damage has besides been cited as a effect of poorness. Harmonizing to research, kids who are malnourished will endure cognitive lacks and kids populating in poorness are more likely to be malnourished than those who are in-between category or affluent. Besides, kids who are hapless are less equipt to research their environment significance they are non having the same mental stimulation or their environment is less stimulating ( Brown, 1996 ) . Parents are besides less able to afford to set their kids in activities or purchase things like books and computing machines that would assist excite cognitive development. Therefore, there are assorted grounds why poorness has an influence on cognitive development including malnutrition, and deficiency of chance for mental stimulation. Another unfortunate effect of poorness is abuse and disregard. Harmonizing to research from the NSPCC: adult females from hapless childhood places were twice every bit likely to hold suffered maltreatment or disregard ( 77 per cent versus 38 per cent ) , and the association was even more dramatic with multiple signifiers of maltreatment, with a treble addition: 45 per cent of those from hapless childhood places had experienced more than one signifier of maltreatment compared with 15 per cent who had experienced no poorness. ( NSPCC, 2008 ) Poverty can set a batch of emphasis and strain on households doing parents more susceptible to going culprits and kids more vulnerable and likely to be victimized. Lack of resources besides makes it more hard to supply kids with their basic demands, which does non ever represent an allegation of disregard, nevertheless, if the parent is utilizing child public assistance revenue enhancement and child support for personal usage and non to supply for the kid it is neglect. Poverty can besides impact one s personal values and beliefs. Children s values and beliefs are affected by their socio-economic position. From personal experience, being really hapless turning up, I had a certain paradigm. I believed that affluent people were the enemy and that they did non value me because I was hapless. I besides did non value instruction really much because I did non believe I would hold the chance to travel to college or university, because my parents could non afford to assist me pay for it. I learned non to value money and do with less. Family was of import to me, since I spent so much clip at place, due to the fact I could non afford to be in any lessons or on athleticss squads. It is obvious a kid from a hapless place compared to a household from a affluent place would hold a really different mentality on life. Mesosystem Causes Lack of resources is a precipitating cause of poorness. There is a deficiency of low-cost lodging and deficiency of services available to battle poorness and to help those in poorness, particularly for new immigrants coming to Canada. There are non plenty services available to assist new Canadians adjust, to assist them upgrade instruction, to happen occupations and low-cost places and to larn the linguistic communication so they can win at their occupation and at school. In some more rural countries there is no ESL plan offered. Besides, the complicated signifiers and waitlists mean people in demand of poorness alleviation may non acquire aid for months ( Canadian Council on Social Development, 2010 ) . Loss of employment is a precipitating cause of poorness, every bit good. Loss of a occupation sometimes non merely means loss of fiscal support from an employer, it besides means loss of insurance. Meaning medical and dental attention, house fix, auto fix are non covered, so households do without or are put further in debt by holding to pay for medical or fix measures. If a household has no income it is hard to supply necessities for one s household, and if the low-income cut-off is more than 50 % of income is spent on necessities, than anyone who is unemployed or whose partner is unemployed will probably suit that standards ( Statistics Canada, 2010 ) . Mesosystem effects A microsystem effect of poorness was child maltreatment and disregard, so it is apparent so, that on a mesosystem degree there is a effect which affects Children s Aid Societies. CAS woks with households to assist acquire them on path and acquire support that they may non otherwise be able to afford for their kid. Harmonizing to OACAS, many of the kids utilizing their services are populating in poorness ( Laurie Monseebaaten, 2008 ) . Poverty is a cover job which is the cause and effect of many of the things CAS trades with on a regular footing, frequently times to cover with these other jobs they provide households with services that deal with poorness. Another large effect of poorness is that it affects the kid s school experience. In some instances kids go to school in a poorer vicinity and so their equals are hapless, but rather frequently hapless kids go to schools where there is socio-economic inequality. This, in some instances affects them more as it makes the kids more loath to accept aid financially to pay for field trips or athleticss squads. They lose out on larning chances because of their poorness. They besides have a more hard clip wining in school because they may non hold entree to computing machines or books necessary to assist them larn and complete school work, and because they may hold occupations outside of school to assist them battle the poorness, go forthing them less clip for their school work ( Sands, 2007 ) . Poverty is a large barrier to wellness attention, even in Canada. Although initial health care is free. The cost of medicine, oculus attention and dental attention is still excessively expensive for some people to afford. For illustration, there is a intervention for AIDS nevertheless, it is excessively expensive for persons to purchase, but the pharmaceutical companies will non administer it for free or at a lesser cost because they do non wish to lose net income ( UNFPA, 2009 ) . Because dental attention, oculus attention and medicine are for the most portion, non every twenty-four hours needs, most people populating in poorness go without it. Another effect of poorness is that churches are involved in poorness alleviation around the universe. Religious groups are the figure one beginning of charitable financess donated in Canada and advocators for the hapless harmonizing to the World Council of Churches ( World Council of Churches, 2011 ) . Churchs are really involved locally and internationally with the battle against poorness, they work on all degrees of bar, primary, secondary and third. They support the development of micro concerns for adult females in Indian as a primary bar, they work with Canadian Food Grains Bank to administer nutrient as a secondary bar and they work in soup kitchens and assist people locally who come into acquire support as a third bar. ( McLennan, 2011 ) . A effect of poorness is the inability to afford to set kids into extracurricular activities and segregation in extracurricular activities. This has effects in itself, but in general, the high cost of music and dance lessons and athleticss squads means that kids are non able to take part, or are segregated to specific activities that are more low-cost. Recently, there has been offered a revenue enhancement interruption for parents of kids on athleticss squads, which has alleviated some of the emphasis put on parents to let their kids to take part, nevertheless, some parents still struggle to set their kids in activities, some of which are hard to acquire to if parents do non hold dependable transit. Having kids in extracurricular activities is besides a primary preventive step for forestalling kids from acquiring involved in offense, so parents in poorness who can non afford to set their kids in athleticss or pay for some sort of art lessons may besides hold to endure another effect of poorness, which is holding their kids involved in offense. Crime is another effect of poorness for a figure of grounds. Families may steal nutrient to supplement what small they have, kids and young person may steal things they want that they can non afford, parents and kids may acquire involved with covering drugs or fraud to supplement their income. A survey done in the U.S. besides shows that the jurisprudence is more indulgent to flush wrongdoers giving them small or no gaol clip compared to poorer wrongdoers ( Reiman, 1995 ) . Another effect of poorness is that households are segregated to specific vicinities and attend specific schools depending on their income. Rarely when low-income lodging is built is it merely one house in a comparatively flush vicinity, most low income lodging is built in blocks ; townhouses or flats and there is frequently more than one in a vicinity. Therefore, that peculiar vicinity is stigmatized as being the hapless vicinity . Peers are all from similar socio-economic backgrounds, schools in the vicinity are frequently overpoweringly populated by low-income kids ( Fleury, 2008 ) . Exosystem Causes A perpetuating cause of poorness is deficiency of authorities support for poorness alleviation. For people already populating in poorness if they can non acquire sufficient aid to assist them out of poorness, it means they remain at that place longer. Any societal aid one may have is hardly adequate to populate on so these people are still merely doing terminals meet. Without the chance to salvage some money people will go on populating paycheque to paycheque and if there is an exigency it may set more fiscal strain on them, because they did non hold plenty to populate on to get down with and they are put into debt. Another perpetuating cause of poorness among immigrants in Canada is the transit loans. Refugee households come to Canada, trusting for a better life, the Canadian authorities is sort adequate to loan them money for travel disbursals, which are really dearly-won. However, they are expected to pay this loan back within a really brief window of clip, maintaining in head that what small money they came with has been put towards happening a topographic point to populate and they may non even have a occupation yet ( Canadian Council for Refugees, 2010 ) . Unfortunately, this is of small concern to the authorities, so these people must fight both with being able to back up themselves in a new state and with paying back debt, perpetuating their poorness. Next, the cost of life in Canada has a great impact on poorness and is a precipitating effect. This is a cause more frequently attributed to developed states. The mean cost of rent in Toronto is between $ 775 and $ 895 for a 1 sleeping room flat, the cost of food markets for a month is about $ 100 a month and the cost of telephone services is about $ 23 a month ( Fast Facts, 2006 ) . With merely those disbursals, the cost of life for a month can be more than $ 1000, nevertheless, a individual employed full-time ( 40 hrs/wk ) at lower limit pay ( $ 10.25 ) makes less than twice that, intending significantly more than half of their income goes towards necessities of life. Finally, a perpetuating cause for poorness among kids is the disagreement in the Low-Income Cut-off with respects to what necessities are. It observes the demand for vesture, shelter and nutrient ; nevertheless, it does non take into history a kid s demand for societal and emotional development and scholastic success, which may come from appropriate child care, engagement in extracurricular activities and the purchase of school supplies. Without these things it is much more hard to win in school and life, intending less stable employment, which in bend consequences in go oning the rhythm of poorness. Exosystem Consequences One of the effects of poorness is how people view those on societal aid. There is the common stigma that people on societal aid are mistreating the system and that they are merely lazy and do non wish to acquire a occupation, nevertheless that is non ever the instance. In some instances, the receiver of societal helper is person who was a dependent and did non work or could non work and for a assortment of grounds had to go forth that dependent state of affairs and needed fiscal support, but was non able to happen a occupation instantly ( Pulkingham, 2011 ) . The portraiture of poorness in media is a effect has a effect on how poorness is viewed. The media has created this stereotype of the hapless stripling. They are ever from the incorrect side of the paths, engage in immoral behavior, acquire into a batch of battles and neer excel in school or they are portrayed as soiled street kids. For illustration, in the film Slums of Beverly Hills, the characters are a hapless household who must invariably travel to avoid paying rent ; the immature female is non interested in school and is really promiscuous ( Jenkins, 1998 ) . Obviously, this inaccurate portraiture of poorness does non assist with a kid s self-esteem or to cut down intimidation or promote impoverished young person that they are capable of accomplishing great things. Another myth that has become the effect of how people view poorness is the myth that people who use soup kitchens and nutrient Bankss are stateless or idle, when in world many of the people accessing these installations are working hapless, who have occupations, and possibly a place. They may be able to pay their rent, but their income is non sufficient plenty to afford equal nutrient. Close to 7 million workers earn less than $ 20 000 per annum and 40 % of destitute kids live in households where at least one parent is employed full-time twelvemonth unit of ammunition. Parents have kids to care for and sometimes that means they need to supplement their repasts with nutrient from a nutrient bank or repasts from a soup kitchen to do certain their kids are fed ( Poor No More, 2009 ) . Next, a effect of how people view poorness is the myth that hapless kids are less intelligent and non every bit successful as affluent kids. Although there is grounds that poorer kids are more likely to fight in school and that they will go on the rhythm of poorness and that poorness is a hazard factor for lower IQ, this is non ever the instance. Truly, this depends on resiliency. The more resilient and determined a kid is, the more likely they will get the better of their fortunes and excel in school and in life ( Lisa Fiorentino, 2004 ) . Although they may non hold the same resources as a affluent kid, every bit long as they have a good support system and the finding to win no affair what obstacles are placed in forepart of them, they will interrupt free from that stereotype. Yet another myth that exists is that hapless people are ever looking for press releases. This is really really inaccurate ; frequently households remain in poorness because they are excessively proud to inquire for aid which could be a perpetuating cause of poorness as good. Besides, though they are hapless they are far from incapacitated. Many people would be happy to offer their accomplishments or work in return for support and would experience more fulfilled making so ( Poor No More, 2009 ) . Some recognition and intervention as an equal is frequently what the hapless are looking for, non merely trim alteration. The concluding myth that exists in our society is that poorness merely happens in Africa, this. The overpowering sum of support and promotion the poorness afflicted continent receives is animating, nevertheless, serving the local hapless does non look about every bit of import to people. When we look at the private assistance traveling abroad to alleviate poorness and the sum of sponsorship and acceptance of kids in developing states, it is significantly more that what is received locally. Fifteen per cent of Canadian kids are populating in poorness ; that is about 100 thousand kids ( Fleury, 2008 ) . 100 1000 kids who need aid, but are overlooked for kids in developing states. Poverty does go on in Canada. Macrosystem Causes A precipitating cause of poorness that has been extremely publicized in recent old ages is the economic system. Canada, along with about the full remainder of the universe has felt the impact of an economic depression which has inflated monetary values, caused occupation loss and created a immense inflow of people into societal aid. As antecedently discussed, cost of life, occupation loss and deficiency of resources are causes of poorness ; an economic depression is the cause of all three, doing poorness an issue on a supranational graduated table. Third universe authoritiess are obligated to vie with each other and with more dominant, developed states. To pull investors, destitute states attempt to supply cheaper resources, goods and labor. This has merely increased poorness ( Shah, 2011 ) . So, the economic system has been an international cause of poorness. Additionally, war is a precipitating cause of poorness. War causes huge devastation and costs 1000000s of dollars. There is devastation to systems such as societal services and wellness attention and resources are diluted and redirected from poorness alleviation to keeping the war, every bit good as physical harm to edifices and properties. This consequently consequences in poorness

Essay

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Reconstruction Term Paper

Reconstruction Term Paper Reconstruction Term Paper Reconstruction Term Paper If you have received an assignment to write a reconstruction term paper, you should start with narrowing the topic. Choose one aspect of the topic and develop it. Of course, if your term paper has to be 20 pages in length, the topic should be broad enough.Below is a short term paper sample written on the topic reconstruction. If you need more sample term papers, please check our term paper blog. If you need custom term paper writing service, try our professional help. Custom written paper is original and fully referenced. You will never find it posted in the Internet! Reconstruction Term Paper Sample Though Sumner and Stevens are often the only names heard in text-book accounts of Reconstruction they stood amid a remarkable group of self-made politicians. 1 Amongst them one of the most forceful was Senator Ben Wade, who had been born in 1800 of an old but poor family on a small Massachusetts farm and received little formal education. In 1821 Wade moved to Ohio and followed various occupations before beginning the study of law in 1825; with a rapidity which might be the envy of lawyers in more settled societies he was called to the bar in 1827 or 1828 and joined the firm of Joshua Giddings at the very fountainhead of political abolitionism. He became a State senator, then a judge, and in 1851 was sent to the United States Senate where he was soon recognized as an anti-slavery leader. During the war he was chairman of the key Committee on the Conduct of the War. Wade was vigorous, impulsive and likeable; men deprecated his rough methods of speech and distrusted his judgment but nev er questioned his sincerity and integrity. In 1864 Gideon Welles, though thinking that 'the old man was a little acrimonious towards the President', found Wade 'very pleasant and affable'. In 1868, when much water had flowed under the Reconstruction bridge Welles lamented that ' Wade has become demoralized, and is not the plain, single-minded, honest, unambitious man he was a few years since'. Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts had been born as Jeremiah Colbath in 1812. on a very poor New England farm. At the age of twenty he changed his name to Henry Wilson, and established himself as a shoemaker at Natick in Massachusetts; here he built up a considerable business and the 'cobbler of Natick' was actually a successful employer of some hundred men. His happy relations with his work-people foreshadowed the future career of one who was to prove himself the canniest vote-getter in all New England and to rise to the highest positions without ever losing touch with the simple voters of his State. Throughout his adolescence he had been an omnivorous reader, and in spite of his lack of education became a widely informed man. He entered State politics as a Whig Free Soiler and was for a time editor of the anti-slavery Boston Republican. For a short period, which he was always to regret, he joined the Know-Nothings but withdrew in protest against their intolerance and refusal to adopt antislavery views.

Eloquence of Landscapes in the Western Film Genre Movie Review

Eloquence of Landscapes in the Western Film Genre - Movie Review Example In both films the landscape effectively highlights salient features of the storyline and characterizes its inhabitants in a way similar to the Westerns reviewed in Jane Tompkin's insightful West of Everything (70-87). Winton C. Hoch photographed The Searchers in VistaVision,1 cinematography in Technicolor with wide-angle perspective, on-location in Monument Valley. According to the Special Features section of the DVD edition, beyond the colorful sandstone spires and buttes reminiscent of its ancient inhabitants, the cameras caught on film a living, breathing recent element of the desert landscape in some of the 500 destitute Navajo families employed as actors on the set (Ford). Loyal Griggs actually won an Academy Award for his second director-of-photography effort in Shane. Ultimately all Griggs had to do was to position his camera with some aplomb and let the Grand Tetons of Wyoming speak with quiet eloquence (Purdy). Filmed in Technicolor in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, and shown on an expanded screen that served to emphasize the vastness and beauty of the fertile surroundings, the film creates a living picture of the boundless promise of the American frontier, "forever framing the action in relation to the unspoiled land surrounding it." (Crowther) In her evaluation of the Western film Tompkins compares the sanctuary of the homestead or the pioneer cabin with the rugged challenges of the desert landscape (87). The Searchers opens from the safety of one family's haven into the vast reaches of the unfolding story as a lone figure on horseback rides slowly into view out of the barren wilderness. The breadth and length of the landscape scenes create a sense of authenticity for the much-abridged time and distances of the unfolding action in the narrative. The Searchers will come full circle to an identical doorway as members of a reunited family press past the threshold into their home totally oblivious to the hero as the door closes on the lonely drifter striding quietly back into the dusty landscape (Ford). On the other hand, the point of view in Shane is chiefly through the eyes of young Joey as the child vigilantly watches the distant stretches of Wyoming prairie where sundry strangers make their debut in the story from the outlying horizon. The viewpoint on the closing action will belong to Joey as well when the landscape, veiled in darkness, echoes with the child's heartbreaking appeals for his friend to return, and the wounded Shane slips quietly out of his life into the shadowy oblivion of the Wyoming hills (Stevens). Tompkins suggests that the genius of the Western is to have the terrain speak for itself (71). The physical settings in each film visually develop unique aspects of the narrative in much the same way as background music creates an ambience that heightens the emotion and suspense of the drama. In The Searchers the harsh nature of the character's surroundings accentuates its isolating and dangerous nature for the extended pioneer family (O'Brien). In striking contrast to the welcoming and simple world filmed inside the log cabin, where Ethan Edwards yearns to fit in, is the Civil War veteran's native element in the brutal and unforgiving environment which at last lures him away yet again into its untamed independence (O'Brien). The Shane exploits are mostly reflected through the eyes

Violence in Movies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Violence in Movies - Research Paper Example One of the most viewed and produced genres include violent and action packed movies which are purely entertaining in nature. However, the first years of violent movies were tightly regulated by the Production Code and therefore between the years 1939-1959, the genre of violent movies was in its lag phase; however produces recognized the potential of violence movies in the market and post 1960 production of such movies started though the concept of bloodshed was uncommon. It was only much later in the 1980’s that blood, guns and true violence was visible onscreen i.e. the depiction of violence changed drastically and till date the trend continues in American cinema. It needs to be admitted that though today violent activities are shown more in number, the actual visibility of blood was much raw in the older movies while today blood shedding is represented in a more sophisticated manner because the subject itself has become really common and the audience today have evolved too. It was in the 1980’s that the transition of movies into violence movies actually started since this was a drastic transitional period for the Hollywood film industry itself. One of the quintessential violent movies was the pure action movies whose basic structure and plot forms the basis of action movies that are made today. One of the first violent movies to be censored during this period was Conan, the Barbarian (1982) which was an action packed, adventurous and thriller. The concept of man-alien conflict also started in this period with the making of the Predator in 1985 where â€Å"the entire film literally boils down to a mano-a-mano standoff between Major Dutch Schaeffer, played by Arnold Schwarzenegger and the alien predator who has hunted and killed his platoon soldiers one by one† (Kendrick,2009,p96). However, Cannibal Holocaust (1980) which is predominantly the most violent documentary movie that has

NPV, PI, IRR, and Payback Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

NPV, PI, IRR, and Payback - Essay Example It is the rate that helps a firm in bringing the NPV equals to 0 by discounting few cash inflows and outflows further (Alessi, 2006). However, this method is not always to be relied on as the cash flow changes are often experienced by a firm. Another method of calculation of capital budgeting is the payback period. It tells the firm, the time span in which the firm can cover up for its cost if investment. However it does not take the real value of money over the years in account. Furthermore, it also does not help the firm in the amounts by which the shareholders wealth will increase and the cash inflows are not taken into account after the cost of investment has been covered. The Profitability Index (PI) of a firm the ration by which the firm can payoff to the investment that is done regarding a project. The projects are easily ranked as a result as the values that are created by each unit are quantified. It is also known as Value Investment Ratio IVIR) (Top of Form NPV’s have been considered as the most exact calculator of the firm’s profitability. However, the evaluation of the NPV’s does not tell a firm of the IRR that each project holds within. A project can have a higher NPV, a smaller safety margin and a smaller IRR! IRR allows the firm in analyzing the cost of capital in comparison to the internal rate of return. However, if the projects cash flow moves from negative to positive every now and then, the firm will experience a number of IRRs making the evaluation of the project difficult and less understandable. Payback provides the firms with the liquidity of a project along with the risk that is involved. If the payback is found as long termed then the earnings of the firm will need to be â€Å"tied up† for quite a long time. Moreover, the chances of the failure in a project will increase. All of the above provide the firm a different analysis angle on

Commercial Clause and its Effect on Business Essay

Commercial Clause and its Effect on Business - Essay Example The Commerce clause is regarded as major legal bedrock in the regulation of commercial activities especially those involving dealings with foreign countries. However, the Supreme Court upon review of the injunction, it found out that it was not in line with the federal statute, which was supposed to be only valid within the New York state. Therefore, the court withdrew the injunction because the Commercial Clause gave an authority to the Congress to pass laws/acts, which could have an effect in a single state when it had some commercial dealings with another state. Thus, this is in tandem with the book of Luke 16: 17 which states that â€Å"And it is easier for heaven and earth to pass, than one title of the law to fail."According to Wickard v. Filburn, the original understanding or rather the interpretation of the commerce clause was elaborated by the Supreme Court to include intrastate commercial/economic activities. In this case, the defendant grew wheat with an intention for per sonal consumption but later sold the excess to the public. The court of Supreme ruled that the excess wheat sold could have a significant effect on the interstate commerce hence affecting prices and output. Therefore, the rationale applied in this context can be linked to the book of 1 Kings 5: 11 which states that â€Å"And Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand measures of wheat for food to his household, and twenty measures of pure oil: thus gave Solomon to Hiram year by year.†

Cross-functional teams Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Cross-functional teams - Term Paper Example The sectors most affected by M&A activity have been service and knowledge based industries such as banking, insurance, pharmaceuticals, and leisure. Although M &A is a popular means of increasing or protecting market share, the strategy does not always deliver what is expected in terms of increased profitability or economies of scale. While the motives for mergers can variously be described as practical, psychological, or opportunist, the objective of all related M&A is to achieve synergy, or what is commonly referred to as the 2 +2 = 5 effect. However, as many organizations learn to their cost, the mere recognition of potential synergy is no guarantee that the combination will actually realize that potential (Cartwright, 1996). Understanding the Problems - Dysfunctional Organizations Most people have difficulty stating their organization’s strategy: what the organization wants to become, how it would like its people to behave, and what it will provide to which customers. In t he future, the reality is that the organization’s business and operating units march to priorities different from, if not contradictory to, those implied by its strategy. The majority of the people in an organization focus on day-to-day operational matters and their individual aspirations. Consequently, the strategy is never realized. Frustrated by the lack of forward progress, executives launch new communication, reorganization, process redesign, or technology initiatives. Everyone is doing more, and yet performance stagnates or even declines (Hammer, et al. 2001). Losing the Value of Mergers and Acquisitions AKPMG report found that, though 82% of respondents believed the deal they had transacted was a success, 83% of the same mergers failed to increase shareholder value. Of these transactions, 30% produced no discernible difference in shareholder value and 53% actually reduced value. Acquiring, merging, and demerging companies need long-term ways of enhancing shareholder va lue once the initial and obvious savings have been taken. But they usually focus on tactical integration, such as, organizational structure, support service or policies rather than on strategic integration in regards to customers, products, people or systems. However, to succeed both are needed (Kaplan, at el., (2001). The burning question remains – why do so many mergers fail to live up to a shareholder expectations? In the short term, many seemingly successful acquisitions look good, but disappointing productivity levels are often masked by onetime cost savings, asset disposals, or astute tax maneuvers that inflate balance-sheet figures during the first few years. Merger gains are notoriously difficult to assess. There are problems in selecting appropriate indices to make any assessment, as well as difficulties in deciding on a suitable measurement period. Typically the criteria selected by analysts are Profit-to-earnings ratios Stock-price fluctuations Managerial assessmen ts Irrespective of the evaluation method selected, the evidence on M&A performance is consistent in suggesting that a high proportion of M&A’

Principles of fundraising and sponsorship Speech or Presentation

Principles of fundraising and sponsorship - Speech or Presentation Example The donations have culminated into the establishment of new initiatives and services aimed at making the club survive. The Saints under 14s have benefited from the Paramed aimed at new strips as they will be kitted out in a brand strips. Basically there is black and white kits that are distinct are from Paramed UK. The deal helped the club to survive based on its financial significance as the club was faced with financial constraints. Despite the pros attached to such arrangements, serious strings are attached to sponsorships, and fundraising felt through several risks. Requesting for such fund requires in-depth understanding of principles of sponsorship and fundraising as well as the techniques used to obtain the donations. Donors need to be convinced by showing higher levels of accountability and transparency within the public sectors. Evaluation of fundraising, donations and sponsorship proactively is key in promoting ethical standards as it ensures that grants obtained serve the public interest. Despite the fact that donors expect nothing in return, they donate in order to change lives of other people and hence need for transparent and accountability. The sponsorship framework and Fundraising or Donation arrangement should not restrict Services ability to execute its roles impartially and to completion. The contract should outline that the Services functions shall proceed to execute its business impartially and fully without interference from the arrangement proposed (Norton 2007, p. 111). For instance, daily activities of ambulance van should not be shuttered by fundraising activities but to ensure its continuous operational tasks. The contract has a separate statement providing for termination of sponsorship if the arrangement compromises Services functions. For tender-attached sponsorship, the contract should ensure non-favoritism for parties involved. Secondly, there should be non-existence of real and apparent conflict between